Also known as GeoExchange, earth-coupled, ground-source or water-source heat pumps, the geothermal heat pumps are efficient energy-saving devices. In use since the late 1940s', the Geothermal heat pumps derive heat energy from the earth than using it from the outside air. This facility makes these pumps as efficient as 300-700% on the harshest winter nights. This device is highly useful as it is much more efficient than the air-source heat pumps which are only 175-250% efficient on the very cold days. Even if the temperature of the earth falls in a low range of 7-21%, the temperature in the several layers of earth remains constant. The ground temperature is more than the air temperature in winter and lesser than the air temperature in summer. The Geothermal heat pump takes advantage of this phenomenon and exchanges heat with the earth through a device called ground heat exchanger.

Geothermal heat pumps are truly effective and efficient. Various geothermal heat pumps have been devised as topography and natural conditions vary from place to place. The types of geothermal heat pumps are divided in two categories- closed-loop systems and open-loop system. The closed loop systems include horizontal, vertical and pond-lake systems. The horizontal geothermal pumps are constructed at places where sufficient land is available. Vertical heat pumps are used where land is too shallow for trenching. The pond-lake heat pumps are constructed at sites where there is an available water body or reserves of water. The open loop systems of geothermal heat pumps are built in locations where there is a reserve of relatively clean water.

The geothermal heat pumps can be used for heating as well as cooling homes. In summers when the air temperature is high, the ground/earth temperature is low. This phenomenon is successfully utilized by the heat pumps. They absorb heat emitted by buildings, towers, structures and houses. This keeps your house cool. The process of absorption of heat is extremely simple and hassle-free and involves no complexities. Horizontal geothermal pumps built near houses with wide plot area make the best use of the earth's phenomenon. They very efficiently transfer heat to and absorb heat from the houses in winters and summers respectively. Thus geothermal units serve as efficient devices for cooling homes.

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